What is Pathological Demand Avoidance?

Do you know someone who fits this description? Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) is a term used to describe a profile of autism that is characterized by an extreme avoidance of demands and requests from others. PDA is not officially recognized as a standalone diagnosis in major diagnostic manuals like the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) or the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases). It is often considered a part of the broader autism spectrum.

Avoidance of Demands:

• Individuals with PDA tend to go to great lengths to avoid everyday demands or requests, often exhibiting high levels of anxiety when faced with tasks or expectations.

Surface Sociability:

• Unlike some individuals with autism who may struggle with social interaction, those with PDA may display good social skills on the surface. They can be socially interactive and may use superficial charm to navigate social situations.

Role Play and Imagination:

• People with PDA often engage in elaborate and imaginative role-playing. They may use this as a coping mechanism to navigate social expectations and demands.

Mood Swings:

• Individuals with PDA may experience rapid and intense mood swings. Their emotions can be unpredictable and may change rapidly in response to different situations.

Obsessive Behavior:

• Some individuals with PDA may exhibit obsessive behavior, often focused on specific interests or topics. This intense focus can be a way to cope with the demands of daily life.

Comfort in Control:

• People with PDA often feel the need to be in control of their environment. They may resist external control or guidance, preferring to have a sense of autonomy and choice.

It's important to note that the understanding of PDA is still evolving, and there may be varying perspectives within the medical and psychology communities. Some professionals argue that PDA represents a distinct subtype within the autism spectrum, while others view it as part of the broader autism spectrum disorder (ASD).